This book by Andalusian Maliki jurist al-Kinānī (d. 289/902) is considered the first independent book written on the rules and regulations of the markets and the organization of hisba. It is an important source reflecting the social and economic life of the time by introducing information about the services provided by city authorities (municipality), the relationship between the employers and the employees, units of measurements, various professionals, black-marketeering, prices, price fixing, exchanging money, quality control, games and ways of entertainment, and the role of women in daily life.

 

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